Aquatic Biomes

Brief introduction of the aquatic biomes: Freshwater ecosystem (lakes, wetlands, streams and rivers), 

Estuaries, intertidal zones, oceanic pelagic zone, marine benthic zone and coral reefs.

Freshwater Biology

Lakes: Origin and classification, Lake as an Ecosystem, Lake morphometry,

Physico–chemical Characteristics: Light, Temperature, Thermal stratification,

Dissolved Solids, Carbonate, Bicarbonates, Phosphates and Nitrates, Turbidity;

dissolved gases (Oxygen, Carbon dioxide). 

Nutrient Cycles in Lakes-Nitrogen, Sulphur and Phosphorous.

Streams:Different stages of stream development,

Physico-chemical environment, Adaptation of hill-stream fishes.

Marine Biology

Salinity and density of Sea water, Continental shelf, 

Adaptations of deep sea organisms, 

Coral reefs, Sea weeds.

Management of Aquatic Resources

Causes of pollution: Agricultural, Industrial, Sewage, Thermal and Oil spills,

Eutrophication, Management and conservation (legislations), Sewage treatment

Water quality assessment- BOD and COD.