Introduction : Cancer as a cellular disease.

• Historical perspective.
• Cancer causation.
• Cancer treatment.
• Death due to cancer.

 Occurrence of cancer.

• Present day status of cancer in India.
• Status of cancer occurrence in different parts of the world.
• Cancer of different sex.
• Cancer of different age groups.

Tumor classification.

• Benign and malignant tumors.
• Sarcoma, carcinoma.
• Leukemia and lymphoma.
• Ascites tumors.
• Teratocarcinoma.
   

Staging and grading of cancer.

• In vitro cell transformation.
• Apoptosis

Cancer cell :

• Structural and ultrastructural profiles.
• Biochemical properties.
• Behavior properties.

Genetic basis of cancer :

• Basic concepts of cancer genetics.
• Relationship between cancer incidence and age.
• Cellular and genetic basis of cancer.
• Types of genetic risk factor for cancer.
• Chromosomal abnormalities in tumor.
• Heritable cancer and tumor suppressor.

Oncogene

• Introduction.
• Detection of oncogenes in human cancer cells,.
• Activation of oncogenes.
• Antioncogenes
   

Cancer cell growth patterns and cell kinetics :

• Tumor growth.
• Cell cycle.
• Cell proliferation in tumor tissue.
• Experimental tumor.
• Human tumors.
• Cell proliferation, prognosis and therapies.
• Cell proliferation, prognosis and therapies.

Metastasis

• Introduction.
• Metastatic process.
• Metastatic ability of tumor cell population.
• Properties of metastatic cell.
• Genetic basis of metastasis.
   

Introduction to radiation

• Types – ionizing and non-ionizing
• Sources- Natural andManmade
• Radiation dosimetry

Radiation

chemistry.

Radiolysis of water.

• Hydrogen peroxide formation.
• Reactions in aqueous organic solutions.
• Direct and indirect effects.
• Oxygen effect.
   

Cellular radiobiology.

• Survival curves.
• Radiosensitivity of cell cycle phases.
• Factors influencing radio sensitivity  (oxygen effect chemical modifiers).

Cytogenetic effects of radiation.

• Chromosomal aberrations.
• Micronuclei induction.
• Radiation mutations.